Nobel Prize Winners List 2012 : All Categories

The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.

We Bring You the List Of This Year's Prestigious Noble Prize Winners which are Treated as At most Recognition Received by Any Person In The World. 

Nobel Prize in Medicine 2012

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 was awarded jointly to Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent".Gurdon worked out that cells could be reprogrammed into a more immature state in 1962. In 2006, Yamanaka worked out how to turn mature cells in mice into stem cells by introducing a few genes.Yamanaka's 'induced pluripotent stem cells' removed the need to use live human embryos to create versatile stem cells.Its major Break through in the Field of medicine & May Bring a Radical Change in understanding How Cells & organisms Developed . This Research may also help to advances in medical treatment that allow damaged or diseased tissues to be regenerated in the lab, or even inside patients' bodies.

 Nobel Prize in Physics 2012

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 Was Awarded to two Scientists Serge Haroche and David J Wineland Who worked on a way to trap, manipulate the fundamental Particles of light & matter without Destroying them. Their Work could Bring a Ground Breaking towards building the Super fast Quantum Computers.

 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012

Nobel Prize in Chemistry this Year went to Robert Lefkowitz, 69, and Brian Kobilka, 57, for discovering the inner workings of G-protein-coupled receptors of "gate Keeper Family", which allow cells to respond to chemical messages such as adrenaline rushes.
 GPCRs are found on the surface of all cells, and their job is to respond to even the subtlest of stimuli from the outside of the cell, be they particles of light, odours or hormones (such as adrenaline, dopamine or serotonin) and transmit them as biological effects on the inside. They do so by changing their shape and interacting with intracellular proteins, in particular the family of “G proteins” . The Work Done by these Great scientists helps to develop better drugs in fighting diseases like Cancer, Diabetes, depression . A Bit of controversy circled around the Jury Selection of Medical Doctors to Honour with Nobel in Chemistry. However This erases the Margin between Biology & Chemistry Research. For Every thing Chemistry is the root, Molecules Hold the root of existence in this Universe.

 Nobel Prize in Literature 2012
Chinese author Mo Yan,has become the first Chinese citizen ever to win the Nobel prize in literature, With his folk tales, history and the contemporary" with "hallucinatory realism".

Nobel Prize in Peace 2012
The EU received the Nobel Peace Prize this Year for promoting peace and human rights in Europe following the devastation of World War II, and the bloc was urged to use that unity in its battle with an economic crisis that is causing suffering for many of its citizens.

Scientists Create the Definitive Flu Killer

University of Texas Southwestern's scientists have created a new flu vaccine that can protect us against any kind of flu, not just one type. Unlike the current type of vaccines, this can even protect us if the virus mutates.

That's the big problem of the current vaccines: every year, medical experts guess what's going to be the dominant flu strain and create a vaccine using a weakened version of that virus. When it gets injected, our body gets to know the weakened virus safely, producing cells that can neutralize that virus if a real attack occurs. The problem is that, if that virus mutates, this prevention becomes useless. That is why people may get the flu even when they are vaccinated.

The team led by Dr. Beatrice Fontoura took a completely different approach:

What we are doing is something different. We are actually stimulating our own response which is already there – boost it – to fight an infection.

Their solution boosts our natural immunological system, targeting a protein in our bodies called REDD-1. Fontoura's team discovered that, when REDD-1 levels are low in a cell, the flu virus can easily infect the cell. The vaccine increases the protein's levels, creating a shield that is impossible for the virus to penetrate.

According to the team, the new vaccine is so effective that it can even protect us against the Spanish Flu, the H1N1 influenza virus that killed between 50 and 100 million in 1918, mostly healthy young adults. Another deadly H1N1 virus was the Swine Flu, which may have infected 11% to 21% of the world's population in 2009.

Sadly, the vaccine is still not ready for mass distribution yet. They have to complete the usual FDA procedures to be introduced in the market, a process that may take years.

Via (Gizmodo)