Scientists Create the Definitive Flu Killer

University of Texas Southwestern's scientists have created a new flu vaccine that can protect us against any kind of flu, not just one type. Unlike the current type of vaccines, this can even protect us if the virus mutates.

That's the big problem of the current vaccines: every year, medical experts guess what's going to be the dominant flu strain and create a vaccine using a weakened version of that virus. When it gets injected, our body gets to know the weakened virus safely, producing cells that can neutralize that virus if a real attack occurs. The problem is that, if that virus mutates, this prevention becomes useless. That is why people may get the flu even when they are vaccinated.

The team led by Dr. Beatrice Fontoura took a completely different approach:

What we are doing is something different. We are actually stimulating our own response which is already there – boost it – to fight an infection.

Their solution boosts our natural immunological system, targeting a protein in our bodies called REDD-1. Fontoura's team discovered that, when REDD-1 levels are low in a cell, the flu virus can easily infect the cell. The vaccine increases the protein's levels, creating a shield that is impossible for the virus to penetrate.

According to the team, the new vaccine is so effective that it can even protect us against the Spanish Flu, the H1N1 influenza virus that killed between 50 and 100 million in 1918, mostly healthy young adults. Another deadly H1N1 virus was the Swine Flu, which may have infected 11% to 21% of the world's population in 2009.

Sadly, the vaccine is still not ready for mass distribution yet. They have to complete the usual FDA procedures to be introduced in the market, a process that may take years.

Via (Gizmodo)

Scientists measure dream content for the first time!

The ability to dream is a fascinating aspect of the human mind. However, how the images and emotions that we experience so intensively when we dream form in our heads remains a mystery. Up to now it has not been possible to measure dream content. Max Planck scientists working with colleagues from the Charité hospital in Berlin have now succeeded, for the first time, in analysing the activity of the brain during dreaming.
The secret world of dreams could soon be cracked open. Innovative neuroscientists have already  begun to figure out the thoughts of awake people– now, a team reckon they can use similar methods to    tap into dreams.


To find out whether dreams could be read in the same way as waking thoughts, Michael Czisch and Martin Dresler at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Munich, Germany, and their colleagues turned an array of brain-monitoring technology on lucid dreamers.
“A lucid dream is simply a dream in which you realise you’re dreaming,” says Dresler. The rare ability to “wake up” while still in a dream and be in control of their actions – and their dreams – makes lucid dreamers a real asset to dream researchers: they are the only people who can reliably, and in real time, communicate what they are dreaming about – usually with eye movements.


After tracking down six individuals who claimed to be able to have lucid dreams almost nightly, the team used both functional MRI scanning and near-infrared spectroscopy to observe each person’s brain activity as they clenched a hand while awake. They then compared this with the activity associated with imagining clenching the same hand, and clenching the hand in a lucid dream.

Dream Machines


Unsurprisingly, it was not straightforward to know when the volunteers were dreaming that they were clenching a hand. The group used a combination of monitoring methods collectively known as polysomnography to check whether the participants were in the rapid eye movement (REM) state of sleep, in which we tend to have most of our dreams. This involved measuring brain activity, tracking eye movements and monitoring the chin muscles, which are paralysed during REM sleep.

At the same time, the team monitored the brain activity of the dreamers using functional MRI scanning or near-infrared spectroscopy by turns. Both techniques show which areas of the brain are active by measuring oxygenated blood.
To let the researchers know when they had entered a lucid dream and were intentionally clenching a hand in the dream, each participant was instructed to move their eyes from left to right an agreed number of times. Even when dreaming that they were clenching their hand, the lucid dreamers did not clench their hand in reality.




Sleep Brakers


The experiment still proved difficult. “The participants have to fall asleep in a scanner, reach REM sleep and enter a lucid dream stable enough for data acquisition,” says Czisch. As a result, the team only managed to fully investigate two dreams experienced by different dreamers.

In both cases, the team were able to spot dreaming brain activity associated with hand clenching, which proved to be very similar to that seen when imagining hand-clenching. Real hand-clenching showed a like style of activity, but with a greater area of activation. “This is a proof-of-concept study, and provides the first evidence that it may be possible to use brain imaging to read the contents of a person’s dream,” says Czisch.
Daniel Erlacher at the University of Bern in Switzerland, who describes the study as “a brilliant piece of work”, agrees. “If you can get a detailed reading of brain functions and know what each represents, you can read dreams.”




Source:Newscientist.com!!

Tevatron accelerator yields hints of new particle

Physicts Working At A Major US Atomic Smasher ,A Gigantic Particle Accelerator Have Announced That They Made A Significant Discovery Which Could Possible Results Out Into The Discovery Of New Elementary Particle Or Possible Existence Of Potentially New Force of Nature .An Unknown Force That Could Change The Particle Physics Taking Into New Dimensions.

Tevatron is a circular particle accelerator in the United States, at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, just east of Batavia, Illinois, and is the second highest energy particle collider in the world after the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).A Team Of Scientists Working At the Fermi Lab Made Out The Discovery Using This Powerful Particle Accelerator Or Atom Slasher Tevatron While Carrying Out the Experiments to Know The Origins And Working Of Universe By Mechanism Of Colliding Proton And Anti proton !! Informative Data Is obtained By This Part of Experimenting !!

 If proved, it will be a completely new, unanticipated particle or a new fundamental force of nature!!
But Experts Have Cautioned That more Analysis Was Needed To Uncover The True Nature of Discovery!! 
The Physicists  Believed That New Discovery Could Riddle out Some Of the Answered Questions In Physics From Ages ,About The Mass,How Objects Acquire Mass ???
Now When We Think Of Mass The Thing That Strikes Into our mind Is Hypothetical Higgs Boson !! 
Scientists Have clearly made out that This is Not The "God's Particle" Or The Higgs Boson .
Higgs Boson The Assumptive Elementary Particle Which Was Often Treated Responsible For Origins of Mass.

Data obtained must be more fully confirmed, but researchers at the Tevatron are racing to work through existing data.
Scientists Are Now Analysing The data If New Particle Or New Force Of Nature Which may be Held Responsible For Mass And Atomic Actions that would be the most significant discovery in physics in This Early Half Of Century!!


Read Story!! 
Standard Model : Higgs Boson 

Speed Of Light

 The speed of light, usually denoted by c, is a physical constant important in many areas of physics.It Is Maximum Speed At Which Energy ,Matter Can Travel .Its the Fundamental Constant In Physics.
As We All Know That Light travels At a Speed Of 3*10⁸ meters Per second .Which Would Be Precisely Around 299,792.46 In a Second Or 1,079252956 Km Per Hour .
So Far We Didn't Even Made Any Significant Close To The Speed Of Light.Nothing can go faster than the speed of light. As for matter, it can never reach the speed of light,To Reach The Speed Of Light a Space Craft Should Have Infinite Supply Of Energy Or Zero Mass .

Einstein theory of relativity address that question quite well. Mass will increase exponentially so that the velocity will reduce, until mass becomes an infinite value when the velocity reach light speed.
Both Are Impossible In reality.Photos And Electrons which Have Infinitely Small Mass Move At Fraction Of Light Speed.And even if the physicists tell you it can't be done.

Space Travel Always Been a Dream Of Astronomers How Ever It would Take A Life Long to Travel To Pluto And Even More With Present Fastest moving Space Crafts.Travelling at light Speed Or Even Close To Or At least the Fraction of Light Speed is Fictitious Thing.
Hope That a Day May Come In Future Time Travel is Possible Just like In Star Trek.
As Einstein famously told people that it was impossible to split the atom and that you would always need to put more energy in than you would get out of it. Well now look where we are in the nuclear age! Nothing is impossible In This World If We Give A Try !!

Lasers drag tractor beams from sci-fi to sci-possible

A Week After The Invention of a Worlds First Anti laser,a device that absorbs, rather than emits,a beam of light.Scientists Have Successfully Demonstrated The Possibility of Tractor Beam In Future.
Tractor Beam is a Term Familiar To Those Who Are Fans of Science Fiction Movies Like Star Trek And Star War and Even In Austin Powers.
All Those Catchy intresting Concepts of Science Fiction Are more Likely To be Real soon Like Warp Effect,Anti laser ,Antimatter,Teleportation And Now the Star Trek Iconic Concept of Gravitational Beaming Of Objects "Tractor Beam"
Its Not A Thing To us ,Scientists are carrying out on this Things From Decaes And They Are Working on  Every Single of possibility of Turning of Our Science Fiction Things Into Reality .Tractor Beam is Very Famous For its Usage in Star Trek the starship Enterprise often dragged objects towards it with its glowing tractor beam.
Now There Is Every Possibility of Having This In Reality .But It May be Take a Decade To get into Play.

So What is A Tractor Beam And How It Drags The objects

A tractor beam is a device with the ability to attract one object to another from a distance. Since the 1990's, technology and research has labored to make it a reality, mostly at microscopic level. Less commonly, a similar beam that repels is called a pressor beam or repulsor beam. Gravity impulse and gravity propulsion beams are areas of research from fringe physics that coincide with the concepts of tractor and repulsor beams.

When light falls on an opaque object, the surface reflects most of the photons back in the direction they came from. What's less obvious is that these bouncing photons push back on the object, causing it to move away from the light source. If the object is very small, this push can be significant. But this is the exact opposite of the suction-like behaviour of tractor beams in science fiction.

Now Jun Chen of Fudan University in Shanghai, China, and colleagues, have shown that it is possible to create exotic beams that would pull rather than push on an object. For tiny particles with dimensions of a thousandth of a millimetre or so, this would result in the particle being drawn back towards the beam.

These Latest Advacnements Proves That The Future is Of "Lasers" And Likely To Live In The World Of Science Fiction  Movies.

 Source: Techradar
For more info Read this Article

'Anti-laser' built for first time

Two Scientists of Yale university Have Created The World's First Anti Laser,a device that absorbs, rather than emits,a beam of light unlike The conventional Laser Which Emits The coherent Beam of Light In only One Direction.The concept was first published in the July 26, 2010, issue of Physical Review Letters, by a team at Yale University led by theorist A. Douglas Stone.From Then Attempts Are progessed in A Way to Create Antilaser.

Antilaser Works In Exact Opposite of Laser it absorbs and light and forces them to move until their energy vanishes.In a laser, energy is pumped into a medium — which can be a solid, liquid or gas — between two mirrors, stimulating the emission of photons that are coherent, or of the same frequency and phase. The photons reflect back and forth between the mirrors, resulting in amplification of the light.

An anti-laser uses mirrors, too, but the other components are the reverse of a laser. The medium that provides amplification is replaced with one that provides absorption, and the outgoing light beam is replaced with an incoming one.

The device focuses two lasers beams of a specific frequency into a specially designed optical cavity made from silicon, which traps the incoming beams of light and forces them to bounce around until all their energy is dissipated.

In a paper published in the journal Science they demonstrated that the anti-laser could adsorb 99.4 per cent of incoming light, for a specific wavelength.

This Turns to be a Significant Invention which would be a major advantage for Computing Because it is built using silicon.This Could be A Path for Future Generation of computing Called optical Computing ,We can Build Super computers using light instead of High level present computing replacing electrons .It can also be used In Radiology for treating of Cancer to concentrate  to a small region within normally opaque human tissue.
Anti-lasers could be used to modulate the intensity of that light, or to convert light signals into electrical form for on-chip processing, the researchers say.Anti Lasers can Alos Be used In Defence  .
Well Apart From these It could become a part of Future of  Science Fiction movies,The Hero May counter Attack The Bad Guys with Anitlaser.

Image : Wired physics

Lasers have also become a fascination of many television shows and movies.We Have Seen Movies Of James Bond,Batman that Have dealt with lasers.Even an Episode In Bigbang theory ,a group of guys who work in physics at a university in California, make a machine to shoot a laser and reflect it off the moon. Its Time For Antilaser To Take over the screen.
Now batman Has got Another Weapon in his sack of Weapons.It would Be Exciting for movie buffs To watch this on screen
Reference : BBC
Also See Yale university
For more information About How Laser works

Scientists create 10 billion qubits in silicon, get us closer than ever to quantum computing

Quantum Computing,We here This Term Only In Some Of Science fiction movies,In Real It is High To Our Perception.Things moving Very Fast we been Travelling From fiction to Reality.Day may come In Near Future where We See Every Fasinating thing shown in Science fiction Movies.
Yes This May become a Part Of Regular Life In Rear Future as Scientists create 10 billion qubits in silicon, get us closer than ever to quantum computing.

Qunatum Computing ,The World Itself Is Pretty Hard To Get into Head.Qunatum computing Is Very complex Thing For a common Man to understand.Combining physics, mathematics and computer science, quantum computing has developed in the past two decades from a visionary idea to one of the most fascinating areas of quantum mechanics.
What I Know Is It will be able to solve certain problems much faster than any current classical computers.
This Is An historic Step along the way to our supposed quantum future.An international team of Scientists from Oxford University have made a significant step towards an ultrafast quantum computer by successfully generating 10 billion bits of quantum entanglement,The Basic Building blocks in silicon for the first time.

Entanglement is the key ingredient that promises to make quantum computers far more powerful than conventional computing devices.

The team's next step will be to entangle the pairs of qubits with one another, forming a massive-scale quantum computer.
The researchers used high magnetic fields and low temperatures to produce entanglement between the electron and the nucleus of an atom of phosphorous embedded in a highly purified silicon crystal, a university release said.

The electron and the nucleus behave as a tiny magnet, or 'spin', each of which can represent a bit of quantum information.

Suitably controlled, these spins can interact with each other to be coaxed into an entangled state the most basic state that cannot be mimicked by a conventional computer.
Quantum Computer use The power of atoms to perform computational Tasks.

This Appears To be a Very Significant moment in The field Of Qunatum Mechanics and Computing From the Day It was First Orginated with Paul Benioff, working at Argonne National Labs, in 1981. He theorized a classical computer operating with some quantum mechanical principles.


For more Information On Quantum computing Read This Article :http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-quantcomp/
2)http://www.howstuffworks.com/quantum-computer.htm

Quantum Entanglement Could Stretch Across Time--Wired Science

In the weird world of quantum physics, two linked particles can share a single fate, even when they’re miles apart.
Now, two physicists have mathematically described how this spooky effect, called entanglement, could also bind particles across time.
If their proposal can be tested, it could help process information in quantum computers and test physicists’ basic understanding of the universe.
“You can send your quantum state into the future without traversing the middle time,” said quantum physicist S. Jay Olson of Australia’s University of Queensland, lead author of the new study.
In ordinary entanglement, two particles (usually electrons or photons) are so intimately bound that they share one quantum state — spin, momentum and a host of other variables — between them. One particle always “knows” what the other is doing. Make a measurement on one member of an entangled pair, and the other changes immediately.
Physicists have figured out how to use entanglement to encrypt messages in uncrackable codes and build ultrafast computers. Entanglement can also help transmit encyclopedias’ worth of information from one place to another using only a few atoms, a protocol called quantum teleportation.
In a new paper posted on the physics preprint website arXiv.org, Olson and Queensland colleague Timothy Ralph perform the math to show how these same tricks can send quantum messages not only from place to place, but from the past to the future.

The equations involved defy simple mathematical explanation, but are intuitive: If it’s impossible to describe one particle without including the other, this logically extends to time as well as space.
“If you use our timelike entanglement, you find that [a quantum message] moves in time, while skipping over the intermediate points,” Olson said. “There really is no difference mathematically. Whatever you can do with ordinary entanglement, you should be able to do with timelike entanglement.”
Olson explained them with a Star Trek analogy. In one episode, “beam me up” teleportation expert Scotty is stranded on a distant planet with limited air supply. To survive, Scotty freezes himself in the transporter, awaiting rescue. When the Enterprise arrives decades later, Scotty steps out of the machine without having aged a day.
“It’s not time travel as you would ordinarily think of it, where it’s like, poof! You’re in the future,” Olson said. “But you get to skip the intervening time.”
According to quantum physicist Ivette Fuentes of the University of Nottingham, who saw Olson and Ralph present the work at a conference, it’s “one of the most interesting results” published in the last year.
“It stimulated our imaginations,” said Fuentes. “We know entanglement is a resource and we can do very interesting things with it, like quantum teleportation and quantum cryptography. We might be able to exploit this new entanglement to do interesting things.”
One such interesting thing could involve storing information in black holes, said physicist Jorma Louko, also of the University of Nottingham.
“They show that you can use the vacuum, that no-particle state, to store a lot of information in just a couple of atoms, and recover that info from other atoms later on,” Louko said. “The details of that have not been worked out, but I can foresee that the ideas that these authors use could be adapted to the black hole context.”
Entanglement in time could also be used to investigate as-yet-untested fundamentals of particle physics. In the 1970s, physicist Bill Unruh predicted that, if a spaceship accelerates through the empty space of a vacuum, particles should appear to pop out of the void. Particles carry energy, so they would be, in effect, a warm bath. Wave a thermometer outside, and it would record a positive temperature.
Called the Unruh effect, this is a solid prediction of quantum field theory. It’s never been observed, however, as a spaceship would have to accelerate at as-yet-unrealistic speeds to generate an effect large enough to be testable. But because timelike entanglement also involves particles emerging from vacuums, it could be used to conduct more convenient searches, relying on time rather than space.
Finding the Unruh effect would provide support for quantum field theory. But it might be even more exciting not to see the effect, Olson said.
“It would be more of a shocking result,” Olson said. “If you didn’t see it, something would be very wrong with our understanding.”

Source:

Wired

New species of bacteria found in Titanic 'rusticles'

The Titanic, which hit an iceberg and sank in 1912 and then was found by searchers in 1977, Its not only know for its film made on it and also for Mysteries behind it.
Now Titanic is in news again Proving that it still had mysteries In its chest.

A never-before-seen microbe has been found in the wreck of RMS Titanic which is contributing to its deteroration.


The novel bacterium has been named Halomonas titanicae by the scientists from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada and the University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. The team also tested the rusting ability of the bacterium - and found that it was able to adhere to steel surfaces, creating knob-like mounds of corrosion products, which they will be reporting in an upcoming paper in the latest issue of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology published on 8 December.


The Halomonas titanicae bacterium was found in “rusticles”, the porous and delicate icicle-like structures that form on rusting iron.
Various bacteria and fungi live within the delicate structures – first identified on the Titanic – actually feeding off the rusting metal.

Samples of rusticles from Titanic were gathered in 1991 by the Mir 2 robotic submersible.

The Researchers sequenced the microbes’ DNA before discovering that they constituted a new member of the salt-loving Halomonas genus.

The bacteria are of particular interest because they may shed light on the mechanism by which rusticles form, and thus on the general “recycling” that such microbes carry out on submerged metal structures.

That, the authors point out, has relevance also to the protection of offshore oil and gas pipelines, and the safe disposal at sea of ships and oil rigs.

For more Info see: http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/ijs.0.020628-0v2

Follow my blog with bloglovin

Antimatter created, captured for the first time

Scientists working at the CERN announced they have Created And Captured Anti Matter For the First time , which could offer new insights into the universe.
They were able to preserve the antimatter atoms for one-tenth of a second.

Scientists working on the big bang machine in Geneva have done the seemingly impossible: create, capture and release antimatter.

The development could help researchers devise laboratory experiments to learn more about this strange substance, which mostly disappeared from the universe shortly after the Big Bang around 14 billion years ago.

Right from the day when Antimatter was first predicted in 1931 by the British physicist Paul Dirac, who theorized that antimatter is ordinary matter in reverse.It was Huge subject For science fiction movies like Startrek Series and To  Dan Brown 's Angels and Demons .

And now it was No longer a fantasy in science fiction movies as physcits made this possible .I'm a Guy who relates Everything In Life whether its science or sports to Movies,so Whenever i Think of Antimatter The First thing which comes in Mind Is the movie " Angels And Demons" in which a secret society hides an antimatter bomb beneath St Peter’s Basilica in Rome.If you have seen Angels and Demons then you would understand why am i saying .Its Not only a Mystrey Thriller film following symbols but for the First time it Made me to Realise The concept of Antimatter.Movie Presented An Excellent Demonstration of How Antimatter is Created ,what Results May end up if we play with Antimatter.

So What is AntiMatter

Antimatter is ordinary matter in reverse. Atoms normally consist of positively charged nuclei and negatively charged orbiting electrons. Their antimatter counterparts have negatively charged nuclei and positively charged electrons. For example, a positron (the antiparticle of the electron) and an antiproton can form an antihydrogen atom in the same way that an electron and a proton form a normal matter hydrogen atom. Furthermore, mixing matter and antimatter can lead to the annihilation of both in the same way that mixing antiparticles and particles does, thus giving rise to high-energy photons (gamma rays) or other particle–antiparticle pairs.This Energy can Be used for productive purposes rather than Destructive way.
A single pound of antimatter would contain more destructive power than the largest H-bomb.
Previous Experiments

In 2002 scientists at CERN produced antihydrogen atoms in large quantities, but they had an incredibly short lifespan -- just several milliseconds -- because the antihydrogen came into contact with the walls of their containers and the two annihilated each other.

In this latest experiment the lifespan of the antihydrogen atoms was extended by using magnetic fields to trap them and thus prevent them from coming into contact with matter just like vials seen in Angels and Demons but of huge size.

The researchers created 38 antihydrogen atoms and held on to them for about a tenth of a second, which is long enough to study them says Professor Jeffrey Hangst, one of the team of CERN scientists who worked on the program.

NASA's Chandra Finds Youngest Nearby Black Hole

Astronomers using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory  have found evidence of the youngest black hole known to exist in our cosmic neighborhood. The 30-year-old black hole provides a unique opportunity to watch this type of object develop from infancy.

The black hole could help scientists better understand how massive stars explode, which ones leave behind black holes or neutron stars, and the number of black holes in our galaxy and others.

Generally Blackholes will be described in terms of Billions of years sounds crazy but this blackhole Is Just Formed 30 years ago making itself the youngest blackhole Ever found in the history of Astronmomy.

The 30-year-old object is a remnant of SN 1979C, a supernova in the galaxy M100 approximately 50 million light years from Earth. Data from Chandra, NASA's Swift satellite, the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton and the German ROSAT observatory revealed a bright source of X-rays that has remained steady during observation from 1995 to 2007. This suggests the object is a black hole being fed either by material falling into it from the supernova or a binary companion.

The scientists think SN 1979C, first discovered by an amateur astronomer in 1979, formed when a star about 20 times more massive than the sun collapsed. Many new black holes in the distant universe previously have been detected in the form of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).

This new black hole Proves adding more power to the long standng theory that black holes are created by the collapse of large stars and the belief that they continue to be fed by residue from the explosion.
This new  discovery may give scientists new possibilites to know:

*How Black holes Are Formed??

*Under What Cirucmstances star Dies

*And Why a dying Star will sometimes create either a neutron star or a black hole.

"This may be the first time the common way of making a black hole has been observed," said co-author Abraham Loeb, also of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. "However, it is very difficult to detect this type of black hole birth because decades of X-ray observations are needed to make the case."

The idea of a black hole with an observed age of only about 30 years is consistent with recent theoretical work. In 2005, a theory was presented that the bright optical light of this supernova was powered by a jet from a black hole that was unable to penetrate the hydrogen envelope of the star to form a GRB. The results seen in the observations of SN 1979C fit this theory very well.

Although the evidence points to a newly formed black hole in SN 1979C, another intriguing possibility is that a young, rapidly spinning neutron star with a powerful wind of high energy particles
could be responsible for the X-ray emission.

This would make the object in SN 1979C the youngest and brightest example of such a "pulsar wind nebula" and the youngest known neutron star. The Crab pulsar, the best-known example of a bright pulsar wind nebula, is about 950 years old.

"It's very rewarding to see how the commitment of some of the most advanced telescopes in space, like Chandra, can help complete the story," said Jon Morse, head of the Astrophysics
Division at NASA's Science Mission Directorate.

The results will appear in the New Astronomy journal in a paper by Patnaude, Loeb, and Christine Jones of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra program for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory controls Chandra's science and flight operations from Cambridge.


For more Info See nasa-Mission Chandra

CERN's Large Hadron Collider recreates 'mini Big Bang'

The Large Hadron Collider world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator which is Expected to answer address some of the most fundamental questions of physics, advancing humanity's understanding of the deepest laws of nature has created its very own mini Big Bang after smashing together lead ions instead of protons.
It was thrilling moment for the Scientists waiting all over the world.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the giant machine probing the nature of matter near Geneva, Switzerland created mini versions of the “Big Bang” which gave birth to the universe almost 14 billion years.
*The scientists working at the enormous machine achieved the unique conditions on 7 November.

*The experiment created temperatures a million times hotter than at the centre of the Sun.
About LHC 

* LHC is housed in a 27km-long circular tunnel under the French-Swiss border near Geneva.
*THeLHC is smashing together particles in a bid to unlock the secrets of formation of our Universe
*It is operated by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (Cern) in Geneva

*The giant tunnel is located an average of 100m underground
*The LHC is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator
*The circumference of the LHC is 26 659 m, with a total of 9300 magnets inside
*The magnets are cooled to an operating temperature of -271.3°C (1.9 K) - colder than deep space
Large Hadron Collider: A Guide
*The $8 billion machine had previously been colliding protons -- sub-atomic particles -- in the search for the Higgs boson or "God particle," thought to give matter its mass,Proton collisions could help spot the elusive Higgs boson particle and signs of new physical laws, such as a framework called supersymmetry..

These experiments were shut down last  5th november, to allow the LHC to run with lead ions instead -- atoms from which an electron has been removed -- to study different aspects of physics.

A computer simulation of the first lead ion collision in the Large Hadron Collider, a simulation of the events immediately after the Big Bang.(Image Via Fox news)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 The lead ion collisions will allow the LHC to create a superheated mixture of subatomic particles called quark-gluon plasma, which pervaded the universe immediately after the Big Bang. One of the accelerator’s four detectors, called ALICE (A Lead Ion Collider Experiment), will examine this substance for clues to the early universe.
How Lead ions collide
* The lead-ion beams start with a piece of pure lead just under an inch long (2cms)that weighs 500 milligrams (0.017 oz). It is heated to about 500 degrees celsius to vapourize a small number of atoms. 
* An electrical current is used to remove a few of the electrons from each atom, and then the newly created ions are slowly accelerated around the LHC until they are electron free.
* When they reach 1.38 teraelectronvolts they are brought into collision in the centre of three detectors which record the debris from the impacts.*ultra-sophisticated detectors around the LHC record how particles behave after being smashed together, transmitting the data for analysis to laboratories at CERN and in other research centers around the globe.

For detail info  visit  Cern  

Invisibility cloak closer with flexible 'metamaterial'

  

Scientists in the UK have demonstrated a flexible film that represents a big step towards the “invisibility cloak” made famous by Acclaimed Socio-Fantasy series Harrypotter.
Scientists are Close to Relaising the scientific fantasies As we see Regularly in science Fiction movies,the may be close In near future the Flying cars,Warp effects of Star trek,3d Holograms Of Starwars can be Reality.

As cloaks  designed  to shield objects from Tera Hertz and Near Infrared waves have already been designed by phyicsts at St. Andrews Universityin Scottland,they have develpoed the Metamaterial which can create  independent flexible material that could theoretically appear invisible to naked eye ideal for use in a wide range of applications including the Invisibility cloak.It manipulates The Behaviour of Light.But these Materials only affected light of a colour far beyond the human eye’s ability to discern.

 The tiny structures in the newly Created film bond together to create a meta-material which causes objects to become invisible by bending light around them.

The New York Journal of Physics has reported the demonstration and physicists worldwide have declared the approach a giant step forward in light-bending technology. They haven’t, so far, commented on the social implications of an invisibility cloak.

Meta-materials work by blocking and channelling beams of light at a fundamental level, bouncing light waves in prescribed directions in order to achieve a planned result. The laws of optics work in such a way that light can only be manipulated by structures around the same size as the light-waves’ lengths.

Until the recent demonstration, the most striking former demonstrations of invisibility have used light waves with a longer wavelength which the human eye cannot detect. The reason for this is that it is far easier to construct these materials with larger structures.

The shorter light waves that the human eye can discern require nanostructures, which stretch the boundaries of present-day manufacturing techniques to the limit. The author of the paper presented at the demonstration, St Andrew’s University’s Andrea di Falco, said that the most important step in the process was believing that it could be done.

Dr di Falco used a thin polymer film to fabricate a single layer instead of the previously-used brittle silicon and proved that the film had the properties to construct a 3D flexible meta-material. The physicist Ortwin Hess, holder of the Leverhulme Chair in meta-materials, has welcomed the work as ‘a huge step forward in many ways’. He told reporters that it’s not yet an invisibility cloak but it’s the right way forward.

Read more:
1.Newyork journal of Physics
2. Labspaces

Device That Records and Interprets Dreams

After i watched christopher nolan's inception i've been seriously thinking whether its possible in Real time to record dreams and to intrude into one's dream. The answer may lie in near future as scientists made a significant step as researchers made a device capable of Recording higher brain activity .in near future it would be possible to read people's dream and intrept them.

Its not thing from science fiction movie or a animated comic story(i saw one episode of japanese cartoon "doremon" in which ,the main character reads the dream record it and shows to his friends with help of gadget).
The day may not be far when this would be possible. Its been a mystery for scientists how dreams are occurred when they do occur !!
Perhaps this latest discovery can answer these questions.


Now after so much of research a us scientist Dr.Moran Cerf claims its possible to electronically record and analyse dreams. For centuries people have been fascinated by dreams and what they are.why do the occur. What does they mean.In ancient period they believe that dreams were the messages to them sent by god.
Till now psychologists have been using dream analysis as a tool to understand The subconscious mind.but it does.nt provide any info.the only way to know about dream is to question the person.But the aim of cerf's project is to develop a system that would enable psychologist to corroborate people's recollection of their dream with an electroic visualisation of their brain activity.

In Mr.cerf paper he suggested that the activity of individual brain cells or neurons are associated to specific objects or concepts .his study found when ever a Person thinks of something,a particular neuron lit up.they made a huge database for each patient in order to identify neurons for wide range of objects and concepts .by observing which brain cell lit up and when cerf and his team were able to read the subjects minds. Soon or later all questions why humans dream,when do we dream will be answered this could be a major turn up in study of dreams.:-)


source :nature

Moon Crater Contains Usable Water, NASA Says

A image showing Altitude measurements of South pole of moon taken by Lcrosshe LOLA instrument aboard Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. The crater known as Cabeus has been selected as The  LCROSS probe's target.OSS probe's target.

Suddenly moon is making head line and became exiting for all of us again as scientists confirmed that moon crater has more water than previously thought. Moon crater has more water ,if purified they can be used for drinking or broken apart into hydrogen and oxygen for rocket fuel.the moon crater has locked plently of water in the form of ice in its south pole. Infact moon is suprisingly wet than any other place on earth.
Nearly one year back nasa discovered the existence of water molecules on man ,india's chandrayaan added more proof to it by its findings.Soon after in june,the $79 million lCross mission piggy backed no the lunar reconnaissance orbiter was launced to map the lunar surface.

Lcross steered the empty second stage of the rocket,which other wise would have just burned up in the atmosphere ,onto to a collison with the moon.

After slashing the surface of moon in october transmitted data to earth .in november last year the nasa reported that the impact had kicked up at least of 26 gallons of water confirming of ice in the craters. And in the new results increase the water estimate to about 40 gallons and by estimating the amount of dirt excavated by the impact, calculated the concentration of water for the first time.

That's the picture painted by six new studies that analyzed the intentional moon crash of a NASA spacecraft on Oct. 9, 2009. The agency's LCROSS probe was looking for signs of water when it smashed into Cabeus crater at the moon's south pole last year, and the spacecraft found plenty of it.
The new results expand on those original findings, revealing that Cabeus harbors many other compounds, too  stuff like carbon monoxide, ammonia, methane, mercury and silver.
Scientists also confirmed the water was in the form of mostly pure ice crystals in some places. The results are featured in six papers published in the October 22 issue of Science.
"NASA has convincingly confirmed the presence of water ice and characterised its patchy distribution in permanently shadowed regions of the moon," said Michael Wargo, chief lunar scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. The twin impacts of LCROSS and a companion rocket stage in the moon's Cabeus crater on October 9, 2009, lifted a plume of material that might not have seen direct sunlight for billions of years.
As the plume traveled nearly 10 miles above the rim of Cabeus, instruments aboard LCROSS and LRO made observations of the crater and debris and vapour clouds.
After the impacts, grains of mostly pure water ice were lofted into the sunlight in the vacuum of space, NASA said.
"Seeing mostly pure water ice grains in the plume means water ice was somehow delivered to the moon in the past, or chemical processes have been causing ice to accumulate in large quantities," said Anthony Colaprete, LCROSS project scientist and principal investigator at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif.
"Also, the diversity and abundance of certain materials called volatiles in the plume, suggest a variety of sources, like comets and asteroids, and an active water cycle within the lunar shadow," he said.
Volatiles are compounds that freeze and are trapped in the cold lunar craters and vaporise when warmed by the sun.
The existence of mostly pure water ice could mean future human explorers would not have to retrieve the water out of the soil in order to use it for valuable life support resources.
In addition, an abundant presence of hydrogen gas, ammonia and methane could be exploited to produce fuel, it said.
 

Astronomers Say they have Found oldest Galaxy

Astronomers Believe That They Have Found the oldest thing ever seen in the universe,It's A Galaxy Far away From us,From a lont time ago.

A team Of European Astronomers Have Managed to Calculate the oldest And Farthest Galaxy in the universe after Analysing the hidden small smudge of light in a Photograph by
Hubble Telescope earlier This year.
It was now the Farthest Thing ever know To man which was Estimated to be Formed around 13.7 billion years ago.Scientists say that the light was from the time when The universe was very young,Just 600 million years old.
The Galaxy was temporarly named by a sequence of Letter and digits ,"UDFy-38135539".
The European astronomers calculated the age after 16 hours of observations from a telescope in Chile that looked at light signatures of cooling hydrogen gas.

Earlier this year, astronomers had made a general estimate of 600 to 800 million years after the Big Bang for the most distant fuzzy points of light in the Hubble photograph, which was presented at an astronomy meeting back in January.
The Light coming from The Galaxy might Be from the ages of Early big bang which is carrying some Valuable Information about the formation of universe and stars.ofcourse We are not sure that Galaxy may still be of its Earlier Form ,it may be Transformed into Bigger one or it just collapsed.
This Would be an useful finding for astrnomers to find and answer the various Questions on when The first Stars and Galaxies are formed.

Scientists map 'nature's big bang' for first time

Image via Wikipedia

Cells are the building blocks of life. Cells are the smallest fundamental units of an organism from microbes to high level living beings humans. Millions of Cells make up an organ ,which form multi cellular organism. But the scientists are till now unable to interpret how building blocks are found and how they paved a way for life.a notable discovery been made which could change the face of cellular biology by ireland scientists.
Researchers led by a team from ireland  said for the first time they have mapped the nature's big bang when two cells fused into one living organism. Scientists claim they had found how they fused to form multi cellular organism. They called this as "nature's bigbang",evolution of life.

As big bang suggests the evolution of universe. A team of scientists led by irish university professor Dr McInerney  With cambridge university's james cotton have been researching on cells from 10 years . According to them single cell bacteria , single cell arkian fused to give birth to yeast . From which insects ,plants animals have evoluted.

Dr McInerney said: "Essentially, you had an organism, like the Minotaur in ancient Greece, and this, in biological terms is what we hypothesised was the common ancestor of all eukaryotic life.

"Because humans are eukaryotes, we were, in essence, trying to trace the deepest human ancestor." Dr McInerney collaborated with Dr James Cotton at the Sanger Institute in Cambridge to make the discovery, which is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

First Truly Habitable Exo planet discovered -Gliese581G

Astronomers have discovered the first exoplanet which resembles earth and may support life. A team of exo planet hunter searching for a habitable exo planet at the university of california and the carnegie institution and supported by national science foundation has  recently announced the discovery of a planet,gliese 581g , which may be truly habitable orbiting in a sun like red dwarf star,gliese 581 discovered on july 25,2008.

The newly observed planet has got a mass of between 3.1 and 4.3 times that of earth,gravity found to be 1.7 times to earth.
The results obtained after 11 years of observations.coming to temperature which is neither cold nor hot ranging in between -31 and 12 using HIRES  spectrometer.
Gliese Planet is at a distance of 117.5 trillion miles, a period of 20 light years which is considered to be rather close in astronomy.

According to vogt,professor of astronomy and astrophysics at university of california said that the planet is tidally locked to star ,which means that one side always faces star,in daylight and other  facing away from star in persecutal darkness. One effect of this is to stabilize the planet's surface climate. The most habitable zone on the surface would be the are between shadow and light,known as terminator.

The scientists believe this could be a major step in exo planet discovery which may truly habitable for us.may be in future we could go on a holiday trip or make a colony there.