The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of the cultural and scientific advances. The famous Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895. The prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace were first awarded in 1901.
Nobel prize in Economics were first awarded in 1969 in Memory of Alfred Nobel by by Sveriges Riksbank .
the winners of the Nobel Prize for this year 2010 according to the Nobel Foundation in various categories are as follows:
Nobel Prize in Medicine 2010
British Researcher Dr. Robert G. Edwards, the father of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and thus figurative father to all of the "test tube babies" it has produced, has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this advance.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010
3 chemistry professors, Richard Heck (formerly of the University of Delaware), Ei-ichi Negishi (Japanese descent, of Purdue University) and Akira Suzuki (Japanese descent, of Hokkaido University) were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" These are techniques for bonding (or connecting) smaller carbon-based molecules together to make larger carbon-based molecules.
Nobel Prize in Physics 2010
Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 goes to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov of the University of Manchester for their groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene.
Graphene, which consists of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, has a bountiful list of potential applications, from use in touch screen technology to solar cells, light panels, gas sensors, and flexible electronics, and is ideal, because of its light weight and strength, for use in satellite and aircraft technology.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Jailed Chinese political activist Liu Xiaobo, 54, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, for "his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee said the award went to Mr. Liu, who is in prison for his calls for political reform, “for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China.”
“Prerequisite
for fraternity”
“The Norwegian Nobel Committee has long believed that there is a close connection between human rights and peace,” it said in a statement. “Such rights are a prerequisite for the fraternity between nations of which Alfred Nobel wrote in his will.”
Nobel Prize in Literature
Mario Vargas Llosa (74), celebrated Peruvian-Spanish author and one of the most renowned novelists of his generation, has won the Nobel Prize for Literature “for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat”.
His Writings includes books dealing with issues from other parts of the world, it is the Peruvian society, its history and politics that deeply and enduringly influence his writing. It was his involvement in politics of his country that led him to stand for Peruvian presidency in 1990. His style encompasses a mix of history and personal narratives and his books often deal with an individual’s struggle against an oppressive society.
Nobel Prize inEconomics
The Trio Americans Peter Diamond and Dale Mortensen, and British-Cypriot Christopher Pissarides, have won the 2010 Nobel economics prize.
They were honoured for work on how unemployment, job vacancies and wages are affected by regulation and policy.
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